What Involution Means in the Chinese Context.
Involution originally described a closed-system process where more effort doesn’t lead to real progress. In China, it now broadly refers to: 1) Economic Involution / Market Dynamics Excessive competition within industries (especially EVs, solar panels, e-commerce, and others) leading to cutthroat pricing, falling margins, overcapacity, and price wars. Firms… Read More »What Involution Means in the Chinese Context.