Confucianism shaped China for millennia. It emphasizes social hierarchy, filial piety, and ethical conduct. It values order and harmony. Mao Zedong’s Communist Party viewed Confucianism as a remnant of feudalism, incompatible with socialist ideology. During the Cultural Revolution, the “Criticize Lin, Criticize Confucius” campaign actively suppressed Confucian practices. Temples were destroyed, and classical texts were condemned.
Despite this suppression, Confucianism’s influence persisted. Its values were deeply ingrained in Chinese culture. Following Mao’s death, Deng Xiaoping’s economic reforms and the policy of “socialism with Chinese characteristics” led to a reevaluation of traditional culture.
The contemporary Chinese Communist Party (CCP) selectively incorporates Confucian principles. It recognizes their potential to promote social stability and reinforce national identity. The CCP emphasizes values such as respect for elders, social harmony, and the importance of education. These are seen as compatible with the goals of a modern socialist society.
Furthermore, the CCP utilizes Confucian emphasis on education to support technological development. Respect for authority and social order facilitates the implementation of large-scale projects. Confucian values like discipline and dedication are also seen as contributing to the nation’s pursuit of self-sufficiency.
The CCP strategically adapts aspects of Confucianism to serve its political and economic objectives. Mao’s efforts to eradicate Confucianism were not entirely successful. Its influence remains a factor in the current Chinese political system.